REVIEW

From Cell Line to Fillet: A Review of Biological and Engineering Strategies in Cultivated Seafood

Food Bioengineering · 11 August 2026 · DOI 10.1002/fbe2.70061

Cultivated seafood production was reviewed as a possible alternative to farmed and wild-caught fish. The authors examined biological and engineering barriers to scale-up, alongside potential solutions from tissue engineering and industrial and academic research. Key obstacles include difficulty adapting species-specific cells to suspended growth in bioreactors, limited scaffold options, and inadequate methods for forming products at scale. They conclude that systems must account for differences among cell types, while scaffold materials must be edible and suitable for regulatory and consumer requirements.