Advances in recombinant protein bioprocessing: integrating technological innovation and environmental sustainability.
7 November 2026
A literature review assessed recombinant protein bioprocessing through technology and biomanufacturing readiness levels, alongside environmental measures such as life-cycle assessment and process mass intensity. It examined precision fermentation, AI-guided control and digital twins. Microbial production, including Escherichia coli, offered scalable, low-cost output, while reported emissions were about 20 kg CO2 equivalent per kg of product, against 351 kg for conventional pharmaceutical synthesis. Barriers to industrial scale-up remained, especially in emerging economies, supporting closer integration of technical planning and sustainability measures.