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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Next-generation cellular agriculture: Innovations, challenges, and the future of animal-based food production

Cleaner Food Systems · 15 July 2026 · DOI 10.1016/j.clfs.2026.100056

Cellular agriculture innovations were reviewed for technical maturity, scale-up, commercial prospects, regulation, ethics and consumer acceptance. The authors examined cell lines, animal-free media, bioreactors, scaffolds and precision fermentation, including its supply of growth factors and proteins for cell cultivation and hybrid foods. They found that media expense, unstable cell lines, oxygen and shear constraints, metabolite buildup, contamination, energy use and infrastructure needs remain barriers. Commercial progress will require cheaper, optimized processes alongside workable regulation, safety controls and public trust.

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