REVIEW

Yeast single-cell proteins from CO 2 with tandem biological systems.

Current opinion in biotechnology · 11 September 2026 · DOI 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103567

Yeast protein made from carbon dioxide is assessed through a two-stage biological process for food and feed. The review examines design rules for linking separate units: one fixes CO2, while the next uses precision fermentation to tailor single-cell protein. It surveys conversion efforts using natural and engineered autotrophs, then considers yeast as the production organism. The authors argue that this layout could conserve carbon that would otherwise be emitted. They identify nitrogen sources as central to efficient protein production.